Electric controlling means.



C. S. RENO. ELECTRIC GQNTROLLING MEANS. PPLIOATION rum m10. 12,1907.

91 9,463. Patented Apr. 27, 1909.

/ :g4/wanten @ttozmcgl/ Q10@ du' i Y UNITED STATES PATENT OFFIOE.

CHARLES STOWE RENO, OF CINCINNATI, OHIO, ASi IGNOR TO THE TRIUMPH ELECTRIC COMPANY, A CORPORATION OF OHIO.

ELE CTRIC CONTROLLILIG MEANS.

Specicaton of Letters Patent.

Patented April 27', 1909.

Application filed December 12, `1907. Serial No. 406,176.

lo all whom it 'mc/y concern:

Re it known that I CHARLES Srown RENO,

a citizen ot' the United States, residing atA larly advantageous in connection with start-v in alternating current motors or in applying di'lt'erent alternating current voltages to one or more translating devices.

ly means ot' my invention an electric inotor may be conveniently and easily started and the apparatus required is ot' simple construction.

One feature ot my invention relates to an arrangement ot' apparatus and comiections whereby the voltage tirst applied to the niotor or other translating device is less than the tcial electromotive torce ot the line and then increased to the t'nll voltage ot' the line. In the case of starting an alternating current motor. this has the advantage of securing a gradual increase in motor speed, and ot taking comparatively small .,'tarting currents troni the line.

Another feature ot my invention secures thev protection ot' the motor when the apparatus in the tinal condition. but interruption ot the circuits b v the protective means is avoided during starting.

Other `features and advantages ot my invention will be understood by those skilled in the art trom the following description and accompanying drawings.

Figures 1 and 2 are diagran'is illustrating one embodiment ot my invention; Figs. 3 and 4. are side and plan views respectively otl one form ot' controllii'ig switch; and Figs.' 5 and 6 are diagrams illustrating another embodiment of my invention;

Referring to Figs. 1 to il, I have indicated at l a three-phase source of alternating` current energy, the windings being indicated as connected in star. Atag/are indicated the windings of a three-phase motor, the wind ings being sliownilso as connected in star.

Between the source and the motor are controlling means comprising a switch of the torni shown in Figs. 3 and et. rl`his controlling switch comprises a base 3 which has pivoted thereto the switch blades d, 6, 7. These blades are each carried by a plate or bar S of liber or other non-conducting matcrial. which latter extends from a main portion 9 having a handle 10. At the opposite end ot the support 9 are carried switch blades ll, 12 in a manner similar to thc blades .st to 7, and similarly insulated. On the main support-ing part 9 are arranged two removable fuses 13, 14, the contacts or clips at one end of fuse 13 being electrically connected to the switch blade 11 and the contracts or clips at the other end ot inse 13 being electrically connected to tno blade ft.

Similarly/f'. the contacts or contact at one end of the fuse les are electrically connected to the blade l2 and the contacts or contact at the other end ot fuse 14 are electrically connected to blade 7 in any suitable manner, the latter connections IN. g indicated in Fig. 3. lllhen by means o'l the handle lt) the switch is thrown downward to the right` the blades l. t3. and 7 will engage contacts l5 mounted npon the base and the blades ll. 12 will then be out ot' connection with any contacts. lVhen the controlling switch is thrown over to the lett, the blades d to 7 will be disengaged from the contacts 15 and the blades 1l, 12 will then make engagement with the contacts 16. "Ihe latter is the running position, and the toriner is the starting position tor the motor. One or more springs 17 of any desirable form are provided which tend to forcethe controlling switch av-.f'ay from the starting position and unless the switch is held closed by the operator, thc blades Ll. G and T will be thrown out of engagementwith contacts l5.

The connections of the parts in starting position are shown in F l. whereas F 2 shows the connections in running posit-ion. To a terminal connection 18 on the base is connected one terminal of a compensator winding 19,the other terminal thereof being connected to the contact engaged by blade 5, and a tap from an intermediate point ot said coil is connected to the contact engaged by switch blade et. Similarly7 one terminal of a compensator coil 2O is connected to a terminal contact 21 at one end and to the contact engaged by blade t3 at the other, a tap from an intermediate point being connected to the contact engaged by blade 7. The compensating coils 19. Q() are indicated as single transformer windings, but in some llt) cases the double windings may be used and the coils 19, 2O will then form the secondary coils ot'transt'ormers. Terminal 18 is connected to one of the three-phase supply mains, terminal 21 is connected to another of the supply mains, and terminals 22, 23 are connected together and to the remaining supply main. A connection extends from terminal 18 to the contact 16 engaged by blade 11, and a Vconnection extends from terminal 21 to contact 16 engaged by blade 12. One of the three leads from the motor is connected to terminals 22, 23, another lead is connected to blade t through its pivot, and the remaining lead from the motor is connected to blade 7 through its pivot. Blades 5 and 6 are electrically connected together by a connection between their pivots. As above stated, when the controlling switch is thrown downward to the right from the position of Fig. 3, the blades l to 7 will engage contact-s 15 and the connections will then be as shown in Fig. 1. In this position a comparatively low voltage will be applied to the motor windings, as will be understood by tracing the connections. For example, passing from one supply main the connection extends to terminal 18, thence through a part only of the compensator coil 19, through switch blade il, and then to a terminal of the motor winding. Thus the voltage applied to the motor through the blade 4 is reduced from the line voltage by the diiierence in potential between the tap from coil 19 and the outer terminal of coil 19. Also in this position of the controlling switch, the circuit from another supply main passes to terminal 21, thence through a portion of coil, 20, to blade 7, and then to another terminal of the motor. The electromotive torce applied to the motor by reason of this connection is therefore reduced from that of the line by an amount equal to the dierence in potential between the interme diate tap of coil 20 and its outer terminal. The remaining supply main is connected directly to the remaining motor winding, but the resultant electromotive forces applied to the motor are considerably reduced compared with the electromotive forces of the supply mains. The motor will therefore start easily and gradually increase its speed.

After the motor has attained sufficient speed, the operator will throw the controlling switch by means of handle 10 disengaging the blades el to 7 from the contacts 15, and'ca-using the blades 11 and 12 to engage the contacts 16, or if the operator releases the handle when the switch is in starting position, the springs 17 will cause the switch to be forced to running position; thus the release of the switch by the operator in starting position secures a rapid transfer to running position and which is quicker than can be accomplished by the operator. The

l t i connections l'or this running position are shown in Fig. 2, and for convenience in illustration, the fuses 13, 14 are indicated as being outside lthe switch blades. By tracing the connections it will be seen that the compensating coils 19, 2O are cut out of circuit and that the current from one supply main will pass to terminal 18, then to contact 16, through blade 11 and thence by the electrical connections through the Jfuse 13 to switch blade at, and from its pivotal connection to one of the motor windings. Current from another supply main will pass to terminal 21, thence to the other contact 16, through blade 12 and by the electrical connections through fuse 14 and then through blade 7, through its pivotal connection to another terminal of the motor. Current from the remaining supply main will pass from the terminal connections on the base directly to the remaining motor winding. It will theretore be seen that the motor in this position of the controlling device is subjected to the full electromotive force of the line, and the motor will attain full speed. Also in this running position, the protecting devices 13, 1-1 are connected in circuit and upon the occurrence of any abnormal or excessive current, will cause the circuits to be broken and so protect the motor. l

Tn Figs. 5 and 6, the same form of controlling means is indicated, the connections of the parts being adapted for a twophase system.

A two-phase source is indicated at 24, having the windings interconnected if desired at their neutral points and the terminals being indicated at 25, 26, 27, 28. A two-phase motor is indicated at 29, the neutral points of the windings being interconnected it desired and havingterminals 30, 31, 32, 83. By following the connections of Fig. 5 it will be seen that in the starting position, the main from terminal 25 of the source is connected to terminal 18, from which current will pass through a part of coil 19 out through the tap connection, through switch et and then to terminal 31 of the motor. Thus, by reason ot the'difterence in potential of the tap from coil 19 Jfrom that or" the supply main, the potential applied to terminal 31 of the motor will be correspondingly reduced from that of the supply main. Similarly, the potential applied to terminal 32 of the motor will be correspondingly reduced by reason of the connections from terminal 28 of the source passing to terminal 21, thence through a part of coil 20, through the tap and blade 7 to the terminal 32. The connection from terminal 27 of the source extends to terminal 22, and thence directly to terminal 33 of the motor; and connections from terminal 26 ot the source extends to terminal 28, and thence directly to terminal 30 of the motor.

The switch blades 5 and 6 serve to complete l throw switch, may be of other form, and the circuits trom two of the supply mains l it may sometimes be desirable to introduce through the compensating coils back to the i more than one starting position and many respective or corresponding supply mains from the source, and similarly, in Fig. 1, the blades 5 and 6 serve to complete the circuits through the compensating coils from and to the source. It will thus be seen that with the connections ot' Fig. 5, the electromotive force to which the motor windings are subjected, is considerably less than the tull electromotive forces of the supply mains, and the motor will therefore start easily and attain a certain speed.

Then the controlling switch is thrown so as to disengage the blades 4e to 'i' from contacts 15 and cause the blades 11 and 12 to engage the contacts 1G, the connections will be as indicated in Fig. 6, the protective devices 13, 14C being indicated as located at the sides ot the switch blades for convenience in illustration. By following the connections for this running position, it will be seen that the compensating coils are disconnected from all ot the switch blades and that the connection from terminal 25 of the source extends to terminal 1S, thence to one of the contacts 16 through blade 11 and fuse 13 on the movable element of the switch, and then through blade Ll to terminal 31 o t` the motor. Connection from terminal 2S of the source extends to terminal 21, then to the other contact 16, through blade 12, t'use 141- on the movable element of the switch and then through blade 7 to the terminal 32 of the motor. Connections from terminals 2T and Q6 of the source extend to terminals and 23 respectively, and then directly to terminals 33 and 30 respectively, of the motor. lt will therefore be seen that the motor windings with these connections are sul jocted to the full electromotive force of the supply mains and the motor will operate at tull speed.

Although l have indicated certain specilic arrangements and connections in the accompanying drawings, it will be understood that they may be considerably varied in practice according to the particular conditions or requirements without departing from the scope of my invention. For example, instead ot the connections from the source extending directly to the controlling apparatus, there may be introduced in the supply circuits transforming devices of any suitable character which in turn will supply energy to the controlling means and thence to the motor or other translating device. Also the connections or arrangement ot windings of the source and motor may be arranged differently from those already indicated. Also the particular form of protective devices may be other than that already described, and the particular form of controlling switch instead ot' being a double other modifications may be introduced.

Having thus described my invention, I declare that what I claim as new and desire to secure by Letters Patent, is,-

1. 'l' he combination of a source ot' electric energy, a translating device, compensating windings, and a controlling switch for connecting said device through said windings to the source in one position and directly to mains from said source in another position, said controlling switch having protective devices carried by the movable element. thereotl and connected in circuit only when in said other position of the switch.

2. rl`he combination of supply mains, a translating device, controlling means for applying electromotive force to said device less than the electromotive force of said mains. said controlling means comprising a double throw switch having a movable element, the said element having switch blades and pro` tective devices each of said protective devices being connected to a plurality ot said blades and carried by said element.

3. The combination ot supply mains, a

translating device, and controlling means for increasing the electromotive force applied to said device, said means comprising a switch having a movable element, and overload protective means carried by said movable element said protective means adapted to be thrown in circuit only when the controlling means is in running position.

et. The combination of supply mains, a translating device, controlling means for applying electromotive force to said device less than the electromotive force of said mains in a starting position and a higher electromotive lorce in ruiming position, said (.ontrolling means comprising a manually operated controller having fixed and movable members so related that the off position is intermediate of the starting and running positions, and means independent ot the currentv whereby said controller will be forced to running position when released in starting position and remain in running position.

The combination of supply mains, a translating device, controlling means for applying electromotive t'orce to said device less than the electromotive force of said mains in a starting position and a higher electromotive force in running position, said controlling means comprising a manually operated controller having ixed and movable members, the movable member having an oit-position between starting and running positions, and means whereby said controller is biased toward running position when in starting position but unbiased when in ruiming position.

6. The combination of supply mains, a translating device, controlling means for applying electroinotive force to said device less than the electroinotive force. of said mains in a starting position and a higher electroinotive force in ruiming position, said controlling means comprising a manually operated controller having tixed and movable members, the movable member having an off-position between starting and running positions, means whereby said controller is biased toward running position when in starting position but unbiased when in running position, an overload protective device carried by said movable member, and means whereby said protective device is connected in circuit in running position only.

7. The combination ot alternating current supply mains, an electric motor, windings having taps, and a controlling switch for conl necting said motor to said taps and then to the supply mains, said switch having a movable element, and a piotective device carried by said element, said protective device so connected as to be thrown in circuit only when said controlling switch is in running position.

8. The combination ot alternating current supply mains, an electric motor, windings having taps, and a controlling switch for connecting the motor to said taps and then to said mains, said switch having a movable element, and an overload protective device carried by said element, said protective device so connected as to be thrown in circuit -movable element comprising` switch blades,

and overload protective means carried by said element, each of said protective means being electrically connected to a plurality of said blades.

l0. The combination ot alternating current mains, an electric motor, windings having taps, and a double throw switch :for connecting said motor to said taps and then to said mains, said switch comprising a movcontacts, and one oi' more fuses carried by 2 said element, each ot said fuses being electrically connected in series to a part or" said movable element which engages one ot said lixed contacts.

l2. The combination of alternating current supply mains, an elect-ric motor, windings having taps, a double throw switch having fixed contacts and a movable element having contacts cooperating with said fixed contacts, and adapted to be thrown in one direction tor starting and in the opposite direction for ruiming, `an overload protective device carried by said movable element, connections whereby said device is connected in circuit in said running position only, and means whereby said movable element cannot be left in starting position.

13. A manually operated controller having o, starting, and running positions, the off position being intermediate the other positions, and means independent ot the current whereby said controller will-be forced to running position when released in starting position.

ll. A manually operated controller, comprising fixed and movable elements, the starting position of said controller being immediately adjacent to the ott-position, whereby said controller can be moved from off -position to starting position without passing through running position, and means independent of the current whereby said controller will be forced to running position when released in starting position.

ln testimony whereof I amx my signature in presence of two witnesses.

@interns srown RENO.

lVitnesses D. D. GiLL, C. S. UrsoN. 

